/* ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   Professor Muthu Ramachandran — academic site
   Palette taken from the diagrams so page and figures agree.
   ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
:root{
  --ink:#152029;
  --navy:#13395E;
  --teal:#2E7D8A;
  --accent:#C87A21;
  --amber:#FBF0DF;
  --tint:#E3EDF2;
  --muted:#5D6C77;
  --line:#D5DFE4;
  --paper:#FBFAF7;
  --white:#fff;
  --measure:68ch;
  --wrap:1180px;
  --display:"Fraunces",Georgia,serif;
  --body:"Inter",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;
}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}

body{
  margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--body);font-size:17px;line-height:1.62;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
}

.wrap{width:min(var(--wrap),calc(100% - 2.6rem));margin-inline:auto}
.mono{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.78em;letter-spacing:.04em}
a{color:var(--navy);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
:focus-visible{outline:2.5px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}

.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px}
.skip:focus{left:1rem;top:1rem;z-index:99;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;
  padding:.6rem 1rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none}

/* ── masthead ── */
.masthead{
  position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;
  background:rgba(251,250,247,.88);backdrop-filter:blur(10px);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
}
.mast-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;
  gap:1.5rem;padding:.7rem 0;flex-wrap:wrap}
.mast-id{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1.25}
.eyebrow{color:var(--teal);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:500}
.mast-name{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:1.06rem;
  color:var(--navy);text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.masthead nav{display:flex;gap:1.35rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
.masthead nav a{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;
  padding-bottom:2px;border-bottom:1.5px solid transparent;transition:.16s}
.masthead nav a:hover{color:var(--navy);border-color:var(--line)}
.masthead nav a.here{color:var(--navy);border-color:var(--accent);font-weight:500}

/* ── reveal ── */
.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(14px);
  transition:opacity .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.3,1),transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.3,1)}
.reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none;transition:none}}

/* ── hero ── */
.hero{padding:5.5rem 0 4rem;position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.hero::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:auto -14% -58% auto;width:min(46rem,74vw);
  aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:50%;
  background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%,rgba(46,125,138,.11),rgba(46,125,138,0) 66%);
  pointer-events:none;
}
.hero h1{
  font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;
  font-size:clamp(3.1rem,10.5vw,7.4rem);line-height:.92;
  letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:.5rem 0 1.6rem;color:var(--navy);
  font-variation-settings:"opsz" 120;
}
.lede{font-size:clamp(1.08rem,1.9vw,1.32rem);line-height:1.56;
  max-width:56ch;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 2rem}
.hero .reveal:nth-child(2){transition-delay:.06s}
.hero .reveal:nth-child(3){transition-delay:.12s}
.hero .reveal:nth-child(4){transition-delay:.18s}
.hero .reveal:nth-child(5){transition-delay:.24s}

.creds{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 2.4rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;
  gap:.5rem .8rem;max-width:60ch}
.creds li{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted);background:var(--white);
  border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:100px;padding:.32rem .85rem}
.creds .mono{color:var(--navy);font-weight:500}

.hero-flag{
  border-left:4px solid var(--accent);background:var(--amber);
  padding:1.15rem 1.4rem;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;max-width:62ch;
}
.hero-flag p{margin:0;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.58}
.hero-flag strong{color:var(--accent)}

/* ── sections ── */
section{padding:4.6rem 0}
.band{background:var(--white);border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.sec-head{margin-bottom:2.6rem;max-width:var(--measure)}
.sec-num{display:block;color:var(--accent);font-weight:500;margin-bottom:.45rem}
.sec-head h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;
  font-size:clamp(1.9rem,4.2vw,2.9rem);line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.02em;
  margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--navy)}
.sec-sub{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:1.02rem;max-width:58ch}

/* ── figures ── */
.fig{margin:0 0 2.6rem}
.fig img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius:10px;background:#fff}
.fig figcaption{margin-top:.7rem;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}

/* ── cards ── */
.cols{display:grid;gap:1.1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(19rem,1fr));
  margin-bottom:2.2rem}
.card{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;
  padding:1.35rem 1.45rem}
.band .card{background:var(--paper)}
.card h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:1.06rem;
  margin:0 0 .8rem;color:var(--navy)}
.card p{margin:0;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink)}
.card.accent{border-top:3px solid var(--teal)}
.tight{margin:0;padding-left:1.05rem;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.56}
.tight li{margin-bottom:.42rem}
.tight li::marker{color:var(--teal)}

/* ── publications ── */
.pubs{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;
  padding:1.6rem 1.7rem}
.band .pubs{background:var(--paper)}
.pubs h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:1.12rem;
  margin:0 0 1rem;color:var(--navy)}
.pub-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.pub-list li{font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.55;padding:.62rem 0;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;gap:.9rem}
.pub-list li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.yr{color:var(--accent);font-weight:500;flex:0 0 3.2rem}
.more{margin:1rem 0 0;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* ── stats ── */
.stat-row{display:grid;gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(11rem,1fr));
  margin-bottom:1.2rem}
.stat{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;
  padding:1.1rem 1.2rem;text-align:center}
.band .stat{background:var(--white)}
.stat .big{display:block;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;
  font-size:2.1rem;color:var(--navy);line-height:1}
.stat .lbl{display:block;margin-top:.4rem;font-size:.83rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.4}
.note{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);max-width:var(--measure);margin:0}

/* ── books ── */
.shelf{display:grid;gap:1.1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(16.5rem,1fr))}
.book{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;
  padding:1.3rem 1.4rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;
  border-left:4px solid var(--navy);transition:transform .18s,box-shadow .18s}
.book:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 10px 26px -18px rgba(19,57,94,.45)}
.book .pub{color:var(--teal);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:500}
.book h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:1.14rem;
  margin:.55rem 0 .4rem;color:var(--navy);line-height:1.2}
.book .vol{margin:0 0 .8rem;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5;flex:1}
.book .isbn{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 .7rem}
.book a{font-size:.87rem;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}
.book.forthcoming{border-left-color:var(--accent);background:var(--amber)}
.book.forthcoming .pub{color:var(--accent)}

/* ── roles + tags ── */
.roles{margin:0;font-size:.9rem}
.roles dt{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.76rem;color:var(--accent);
  font-weight:500;margin-top:.75rem}
.roles dt:first-child{margin-top:0}
.roles dd{margin:.2rem 0 0;line-height:1.5}
.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem;margin:0}
.tags span{font-size:.78rem;background:var(--tint);color:var(--navy);
  border-radius:100px;padding:.28rem .7rem}

/* ── footer ── */
footer{background:var(--navy);color:#E8EFF3;padding:4.2rem 0 2.4rem}
.foot-grid{display:grid;gap:2.4rem;grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-bottom:2.6rem}
@media (min-width:52rem){.foot-grid{grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr;align-items:start}}
.eyebrow.light{color:#8FBECB}
.foot-h{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;
  font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.4vw,2.2rem);line-height:1.16;
  letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:.5rem 0 0;color:#fff}
.foot-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.6rem}
.foot-links a{color:#E8EFF3;text-decoration:none;font-size:.94rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid rgba(232,239,243,.24);padding-bottom:.3rem;width:fit-content}
.foot-links a:hover{color:#fff;border-color:var(--accent)}
.colophon{color:#8FBECB;font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.7;margin:0;
  border-top:1px solid rgba(232,239,243,.18);padding-top:1.5rem}

@media (max-width:44rem){
  body{font-size:16px}
  .hero{padding:3.4rem 0 2.6rem}
  section{padding:3.2rem 0}
  .masthead nav{gap:.9rem}
  .masthead nav a{font-size:.8rem}
  .pub-list li{flex-direction:column;gap:.15rem}
  .yr{flex:none}
}